Ukugcinwa kwamandla yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kunye netheknoloji ephambili exhasayo yegridi ehlakaniphile, inkqubo yamandla ahlaziyekayo anamandla aphezulu, i-intanethi yamandla.isicelo sokugcina amandla ebhetri sibhetyebhetye.ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezingaphelelanga, i-cumulative efakwe kwaye ifakwe kwisikali sokusebenza kweprojekthi yokugcina amandla ebhetri yehlabathi jikelele phakathi kuka-2000 no-2017 yi-2.6 giva, kwaye xa umthamo u-4.1 giva, izinga lokukhula lonyaka yi-30% kunye ne-52%, ngokulandelanayo.Ziziphi izinto ezixhamlayo ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri kwaye yeyiphi imingeni ejongene nayo?Impendulo inikwe kwingxelo yamva nje ye-deloitte, imingeni kunye namathuba emarike yokugcina ibhetri yehlabathi.Sibamba amanqaku abalulekileyo kwingxelo kubafundi.
Imeko yokuqhuba imarike yokugcina amandla ebhetri
1. iindleko kunye nokuphuculwa komsebenzi
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla zikhona amashumi eminyaka, kutheni ugcino lwamandla ebhetri lulawula ngoku?Eyona mpendulo icacileyo kukuhla kweendleko zayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo, eyona nto ibalaseleyo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukunyuka kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuye kwaxhamla kwimarike yokwandisa izithuthi zombane.
2. ukuphuculwa kwegridi
Amazwe amaninzi aphumeza iinkqubo zegridi zokuphucula ukunyamezela kwiziganeko zemozulu ezimbi, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ehambelana neziseko zokuguga kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.Ezi zicwangciso ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile ngaphakathi kweegridi zamandla ezisekiweyo ukufezekisa unxibelelwano lweendlela ezimbini kunye neenkqubo zokulawula idijithali eziphambili, ukudibanisa amandla asasazwayo.
Uphuhliso logcino lwamandla ebhetri alunakwahlulwa kwiinzame ezenziweyo zokuqonda ukwenziwa kwale mihla kwegridi yamandla.Igridi yedijithali isekela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabathengi bemveliso kwi-smart system configuration, ukugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuzilungisa, ukuhlahlela indlela yokuphunyezwa kwesakhiwo sezinga elinyathelweyo.Konke oku kuvula indawo yokugcina amandla ebhetri, ebangela ukuba idale ixabiso ngokunyusa umthamo, ukusebenza kwe-peak-shaving, okanye ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla.Nangona itekhnoloji ekrelekrele ikhona kangangexesha elithile, ukuvela kokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri kunceda ukucofa amandla ayo apheleleyo.
3. Iphulo leHlabathi laMandla aVuselelekayo
Amandla ahlaziyekayo ngokubanzi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo nazo ziqhuba ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi kwezisombululo zokugcina amandla ebhetri.Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwe ziibhetri ekupheliseni ubume bexeshana lamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kuyabonakala.Ubungakanani kunye nokuxhaphaka kwazo zonke iintlobo zabasebenzisi bombane abasukela amandla acocekileyo kusakhula.Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa kumashishini nakwicandelo likarhulumente.oku kubhengeza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye lunokuqhubeka nokuthunyelwa kugcino lwamandla ebhetri ukuncedisa ekudityanisweni kwamandla asasazwe ngaphezulu.
4. ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimarike zombane
Ugcino lwamandla ebhetri lunokunceda ukulinganisa igridi eqhagamshelwe kulo naliphi na unikezelo lwamandla kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamandla.Oku kubonisa ukuba kukho amathuba andayo ogcino lwamandla ebhetri ukuze luthathe inxaxheba kwintengiso yamandla ewonke jikelele.Phantse onke amazwe esiwahlalutyileyo aguqula ulwakhiwo lweentengiso zehoseyile kwiinzame zokudala indawo yokugcina amandla ebhetri ukunika umthamo kunye neenkonzo ezincedisayo ezifana nolawulo lwamaza kunye nolawulo lombane.nangona ezi zicelo zisekwinqanaba lokuqala, zonke zifumene amanqanaba ahlukeneyo empumelelo.
Iziphathamandla zelizwe ziya zithatha inyathelo lokuvuza igalelo lokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri ekulinganiseni imisebenzi yegridi.Ngokomzekelo, iKomishoni yaMandla kaZwelonke yaseChile iqulunqe isakhelo esitsha solawulo lweenkonzo ezincedisayo eziqaphela igalelo ukuba iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri zingenza;I-Italiyane iphinde yavula imarike yayo yeenkonzo ezincedisayo njengokulinga amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye neeprojekthi zokugcina amandla eziza kuqaliswa njengenxalenye yomzamo obanzi wohlengahlengiso lolawulo.
5. inkuthazo yezemali
kumazwe esiwafundileyo, inkuthazo yezemali exhaswa ngurhulumente ibonakalisa ngakumbi ukukhula kokuqonda phakathi kwabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ngeenzuzo zezisombululo zokugcina amandla ebhetri kulo lonke ikhonkco lexabiso lamandla.Kuphononongo lwethu, ezi zinto zikhuthazayo azibandakanyi kuphela ipesenti yeendleko zenkqubo yebhetri ezibuyiswayo okanye ezibuyiselwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizaphulelo zerhafu, kodwa kunye nenkxaso yemali ngezibonelelo okanye inkxaso-mali.Ngokomzekelo, i-Italy ibonelele nge-50% intlawulo yerhafu yezixhobo zokugcina izindlu kwi-2017;I-South Korea, inkqubo yokugcina amandla etyalwe ngenkxaso karhulumente kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka we-2017, yandisa umthamo nge-89 MW , 61.8% ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo.
6.FIT okanye i-Net Electricity Settlement Policy
Ngenxa yokuba abathengi kunye namashishini bazama ukufumana iindlela zokufumana imbuyekezo ephezulu evela kutyalo-mali lwe-solar photovoltaic, umva womgaqo-nkqubo wentlawulo yenkxaso yegridi yamandla elanga (FIT) okanye umgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlalisa umbane oshiyekileyo uba yeyona nto iqhuba uqwalaselo oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla ngasemva. imitha.Oku kwenzeka eOstreliya, eJamani, eUnited Kingdom naseHawaii.
Nangona oku kungengomkhondo wehlabathi jikelele, ngokupheliswa komgaqo-nkqubo we-FIT, abaqhubi belanga baya kusebenzisa iibhetri njengesixhobo sokutsheva kwincopho yokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezincedisayo ezifana nokuzinza kwegridi kwiinkampani ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente.
7. umnqweno wokwaneliseka
Umnqweno okhulayo wabathengi beendawo zokuhlala kunye ne-fossil-energy ukuze bakwazi ukuzimela amandla kuye kwaba yinto emangalisayo eqhuba ukuthunyelwa kokugcinwa kwamandla ngasemva kwemitha.lo mbono ngandlel 'ithile ifutha imarike yombane we-backend kwimarike phantse kuwo onke amazwe esiwahlolayo, ecebisa ukuba inkuthazo yokuthenga iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ayiyomali kuphela.
8. imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe
kubaxhasi bokugcina amandla ebhetri, imigaqo-nkqubo esungulwe ngurhulumente ukukhuthaza iinjongo ezicwangcisiweyo ezahlukeneyo ibanika amathuba amaninzi.Amazwe amaninzi akholelwa ukuba ugcino lwamandla ahlaziyekayo yindlela entsha kraca yokuwanceda ukuba anciphise ukuxhomekeka kwawo ekuthengeni amandla kumazwe angaphandle, aphucule ukuthembeka kunye nokomelela kweenkqubo zamandla, kwaye aqhubele phambili kwiinjongo zokusingqongileyo kunye ne-decarbonization.
uphuhliso logcino lwamandla lukwaxhamla kwizigunyaziso zomgaqo-nkqubo obanzi ezinxulumene nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nomgangatho weenjongo zobomi kumazwe asaphuhlayo.Umzekelo, i-Smart Cities Initiative yaseIndiya isebenzisa imodeli yomngeni wokhuphiswano ukuxhasa ukusasazwa kobuchwepheshe bobuchule kwizixeko ezili-100 kwilizwe liphela.Injongo kukuqinisekisa unikezelo lombane olwaneleyo kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo.izithuthi zombane, amandla avuselelekayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ezi njongo.
Imingeni engaphambili
Ngelixa abaqhubi beemarike besanda ngokudibanisa kwaye baqhubela phambili ukugcinwa kwamandla, imingeni isekhona.
1. Uqoqosho olubi
njengayo nayiphi na iteknoloji, ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri akusoloko kunoqoqosho, kwaye ixabiso layo lihlala liphezulu kakhulu kwisicelo esithile.ingxaki kukuba ukuba imbono yeendleko eziphezulu ayichanekanga, ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri kungabandakanywa xa kuqwalaselwa izisombululo zokugcina amandla.
Enyanisweni, iindleko zokugcina amandla ebhetri ziwa ngokukhawuleza.Cinga ngethenda yamva nje ye-Xcel Energy, ebonisa ngokumangalisayo ubungakanani bokuhla kwamaxabiso ebhetri kunye nefuthe layo kwiindleko zenkqubo, eyafikelela kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-$ 36 / mw yeeseli ze-solar photovoltaic kunye ne-$ 21 / mw kwiiseli zomoya.Ixabiso libeka irekhodi entsha eUnited States.
Kulindeleke ukuba zombini iindleko zeteknoloji yebhetri ngokwayo kunye neendleko zamacandelo enkqubo yokulinganisa ziya kuqhubeka nokuwa kwixabiso.Ngelixa obu buchwepheshe busisiseko bunganyanzelisi njengezo zixhalabisayo, zibaluleke kakhulu njengebhetri ngokwayo kwaye zikhokelela kwixabiso elilandelayo leendleko ezincitshisiweyo.Ngokomzekelo, ii-inverters "ziingqondo" zeeprojekthi zokugcina amandla, kwaye impembelelo yazo ekusebenzeni kweprojekthi kunye nokubuyisela kubalulekile.nangona kunjalo, i-inverter market yokugcina amandla isekho "intsha kwaye isasazekile ".njengoko imarike ikhula, ixabiso le-inverter yokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuba lehle kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
2. ukunqongophala komgangatho
Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiimarike zakuqala bekufuneka baphendule kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kwaye bonwabele imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo.umboneleli webhetri akanjalo.Oku ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwandisa ubunzima kunye neendleko zekhonkco lexabiso lonke, ukwenza ukungabikho komgangatho ube ngumqobo obalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwamashishini.
3. Ukulibaziseka kumgaqo-nkqubo wezoshishino kunye noyilo lwemarike
kanye njengokuba ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obuvelayo kunokuqikelelwa, kukwaqikelelwa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yemizi mveliso isemva kobuchwephesha obukhoyo bokugcina amandla namhlanje.kwihlabathi jikelele, imigaqo-nkqubo yangoku yezoshishino iqulunqwe ngaphambi kokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokugcina amandla, ezingaqapheli ukuguquguquka kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla okanye ukudala indawo yokudlala.nangona kunjalo, imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi ihlaziya imithetho yemarike yenkonzo yokuncedisa ukuxhasa ukuthunyelwa kokugcinwa kwamandla.ukukwazi kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri ukomeleza ukuguquguquka kwegridi kunye nokuthembeka kubonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo, yiyo loo nto abasemagunyeni bethanda ukugxila kuqala kwintengiso yamandla amakhulu.Imithetho yokuthengisa nayo kufuneka ihlaziywe ukuvelisa inzala kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla kubathengi bamandla okuhlala kunye neefosili.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iingxoxo kulo mmandla zijolise ekuphunyezweni kwamazinga okwabelana ngesantya okanye acwangcisiweyo okwabelana ngexesha leemitha ezihlakaniphile.ngaphandle kokuphumeza umlinganiselo wesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, ukugcinwa kwamandla ebhetri kulahlekelwa enye yezinto ezikhangayo: ukugcina umbane ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye emva koko uthengise ngexabiso eliphezulu.Ngelixa amazinga okwabelana ngexesha engekabi yinkqubo yehlabathi, oku kunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza njengoko iimitha ezihlakaniphile ziziswa ngempumelelo kumazwe amaninzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2021
