Inkqubo ye-Photovoltaic

Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic zihlulwe ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo, iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zegridi kunye neenkqubo ezixubileyo.Ngokwefomu yesicelo, isikali sesicelo kunye nohlobo lomthwalo we-solar photovoltaic system, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintandathu.

inkqubo intshayelelo

Ngokwefomu yesicelo, isikali sesicelo kunye nohlobo lomthwalo we-solar photovoltaic system, inkqubo yokubonelela umbane we-photovoltaic kufuneka ihlulwe kwiinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic nazo zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintandathu ezilandelayo: inkqubo encinci yokubonelela ngombane welanga (i-DC encinci);inkqubo elula ye-DC (i-DC elula);inkqubo enkulu yonikezelo lwamandla elanga (Enkulu DC);Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla e-AC kunye ne-DC (AC/DC);Inkqubo eqhagamshelwe kwigridi (i-Utility Grid Connect);inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla exutyiweyo (Hybrid);inkqubo ye-hybrid edityanisiweyo.Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye neempawu zenkqubo nganye zichazwe ngezantsi.

inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla

Iimpawu zenkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla elanga encinci kukuba kukho umthwalo we-DC kuphela kwinkqubo kwaye amandla omthwalo uncinci, yonke inkqubo inesakhiwo esilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Eyona nto isetyenziswayo ziinkqubo zasekhaya ngokubanzi, iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zeDC kunye nezixhobo zokuzonwabisa ezinxulumeneyo.Ngokomzekelo, kummandla osentshona welizwe lam, olu hlobo lwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi, kwaye umthwalo uyisibane se-DC, esisetyenziselwa ukuxazulula ingxaki yokukhanya kwendlu kwiindawo ezingenawo umbane.

Inkqubo yeDC

Uphawu lwale nkqubo kukuba umthwalo kwinkqubo ngumthwalo we-DC kwaye akukho mfuneko ekhethekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwexesha lomthwalo.Umthwalo usetyenziswa kakhulu emini, ngoko akukho bhetri isetyenziswayo kwinkqubo, kwaye akukho mlawuli ufunekayo.Inkqubo inesakhiwo esilula kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo.Imodyuli ye-photovoltaic inika amandla kumthwalo, ukuphelisa ukugcinwa kunye nokukhululwa kwenkqubo yamandla kwibhetri, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla kumlawuli, kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zempompo zamanzi ze-PV, ezinye izixhobo zexeshana zamandla ngexesha lasemini kunye nezinye izibonelelo zabakhenkethi.Umfanekiso we-1 ubonisa inkqubo yempompo ye-DC PV elula.Le nkqubo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumazwe asakhasayo apho kungekho manzi ampompo acocekileyo okusela, kwaye ivelise izibonelelo ezilungileyo zentlalo.

Inkqubo enkulu yamandla elanga

Xa kuthelekiswa nezi zimbini zingentla iinkqubo photovoltaic, i-photovoltaic enkulu yelanga-ene-solar isalungele inkqubo yamandla e-DC, kodwa olu hlobo lwenkqubo ye-photovoltaic yelanga ngokuqhelekileyo inamandla amakhulu omthwalo.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuzinzile kumthwalo, ukuhambelana kwayo Umlinganiselo wenkqubo nawo ukhulu, kwaye kufuneka uxhotywe ngoluhlu olukhulu lweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nebhetri enkulu.Iifomu zayo zesicelo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya unxibelelwano, i-telemetry, izixhobo zokubeka iliso zombane, unikezelo lombane oluphakathi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, izibane zebhakana, izibane zesitalato, njl. ilizwe, kunye nezikhululo zesiseko zonxibelelwano ezakhiwe yi-China Mobile kunye ne-China Unicom kwiindawo ezikude ngaphandle kweegridi zamandla nazo zisebenzisa le nkqubo ye-photovoltaic yokunikezelwa kwamandla.Njengeprojekthi yesikhululo sonxibelelwano eWanjiazhai, eShanxi.

Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla e-AC kunye ne-DC

Ngokwahlukileyo kwiinkqubo ezintathu ze-photovoltaic zelanga ezingentla, le nkqubo ye-photovoltaic inokubonelela ngamandla kuzo zombini imithwalo ye-DC kunye ne-AC ngaxeshanye, kwaye ine-inverters ezininzi kunezi nkqubo zintathu zingentla malunga nesakhiwo senkqubo, esetyenziselwa ukuguqula amandla e-DC kwi-AC. amandla okuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthwalo we-AC.Ngesiqhelo, usetyenziso lwamandla omthwalo wenkqubo enjalo lukwakhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke umlinganiselo wenkqubo nawo mkhulu.Isetyenziswa kwezinye izikhululo ezisisiseko zonxibelelwano kunye nemithwalo ye-AC kunye ne-DC kunye nezinye izityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinomthwalo we-AC kunye ne-DC.

Inkqubo eqhagamshelwe kwigridi

Eyona nto inkulu yale nkqubo ye-photovoltaic yelanga kukuba i-current ngqo eyenziwa yi-photovoltaic array iguqulwa ibe yi-alternating current ehlangabezana neemfuno zegridi ye-mains ngokusebenzisa i-inverter edibeneyo yegridi kwaye emva koko iqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-network network.Ngaphandle komthwalo, amandla angaphezulu abuyiselwa kwigridi.Ngeentsuku zemvula okanye ebusuku, xa i-photovoltaic array ingavelisi umbane okanye umbane owenziweyo awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yomthwalo, inikwe amandla yigridi.Ngenxa yokuba amandla ombane angena ngokuthe ngqo kwigridi yamandla, ukucwangciswa kwebhetri kushiywe, kwaye inkqubo yokugcina kunye nokukhulula ibhetri igcinwa.Nangona kunjalo, i-inverter edibeneyo edibeneyo yegridi iyafuneka kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla aphumayo ahlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ombane we-voltage, i-frequency kunye nezinye izibonakaliso.Ngenxa yengxaki ye-inverter esebenzayo, kusekho ukulahleka kwamandla.Iinkqubo ezinjalo zihlala zikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla asebenzayo kunye noluhlu lweemodyuli ze-PV zelanga ngokuhambelana njengemithombo yamandla kwimithwalo ye-AC yendawo.Umyinge wokunqongophala kwamandla omthwalo wenkqubo yonke uyancitshiswa.Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yePV eqhagamshelwe kwigridi inokudlala indima kulawulo oluphezulu lwegridi yamandla oluntu.Ngokweempawu zenkqubo edibeneyo yegridi, i-Soying Electric iphuhlise ngempumelelo i-inverter ye-solar grid-connected inverter kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlaziywa kwamandla ombane kunye neenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nelahleko.Inkqubela phambili enkulu yenziwe, kwaye uthotho lweengxaki zobugcisa ziye zoyiswa kwisixokelelwano esiqhagamshelwe kwigridi.

Inkqubo yonikezelo oluxutyiweyo

Ukongeza kuluhlu lwemodyuli ye-solar photovoltaic esetyenziswe kule nkqubo ye-photovoltaic yelanga, i-oil generator iphinda isetyenziswe njengomthombo wamandla wokugcina.Injongo yokusebenzisa isixokelelwano sobonelelo lwamandla oluxutyiweyo kukusebenzisa ngokubanzi iingenelo zobuchule bokuvelisa amandla ohlukeneyo kunye nokuphepha iziphene zabo.Ngokomzekelo, iingenelo zeenkqubo ezizimeleyo ze-photovoltaic ezichazwe ngasentla zingaphantsi kokugcinwa, kwaye ukungonakali kukuba ukuphuma kwamandla kuxhomekeke kwimozulu kwaye ingazinzile.

Inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla e-hybrid esebenzisa udibaniso lweejeneretha ze-diesel kunye ne-photovoltaic arrays inokubonelela ngamandla axhomekeke kwimozulu xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokuzimela yodwa.

Inkqubo yonikezelo oluxutyiweyo oludityaniswe ngegridi

Ngophuhliso lweshishini le-solar optoelectronics, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla edibeneyo yegridi edibeneyo enokusebenzisa ngokubanzi iimodyuli ze-solar photovoltaic modyuli, amandla asebenzayo kunye neejeneretha zeoyile ezigciniweyo ziye zavela.Olu hlobo lwenkqubo luhlala ludibanisa umlawuli kunye ne-inverter, usebenzisa i-chip yekhompyutha ukulawula ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwenkqubo yonke, ngokubanzi usebenzisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla ukufezekisa eyona ndawo isebenzayo, kwaye inokusebenzisa iibhetri ukuphucula ngakumbi amandla omthwalo wenkqubo. izinga lonikezelo lwesiqinisekiso, njengenkqubo yokuguqula i-SMD ye-AES.Inkqubo inokubonelela ngamandla afanelekileyo kwimithwalo yendawo kwaye inokusebenza njenge-UPS ye-intanethi (Uninterruptible Power Supply).Amandla nawo anganikezelwa okanye athathwe kwigridi.Indlela yokusebenza yenkqubo idla ngokusebenza ngokuhambelana namandla orhwebo kunye namandla elanga.Kumthwalo wendawo, ukuba amandla avela kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic anele ukuba umthwalo usetyenziswe, uya kusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo amandla avela kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ukubonelela iimfuno zomthwalo.Ukuba amandla avela kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic zidlula imfuno yomthwalo okhawulezayo, amandla angaphezulu angabuyiselwa kwigridi;ukuba amandla aveliswa yimodyuli ye-photovoltaic ayanelanga, amandla asetyenziswayo aya kwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye amandla asetyenziswayo aya kusetyenziswa ukubonelela imfuno yomthwalo wendawo.Xa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omthwalo kungaphantsi kwe-60% yomthamo olinganisiweyo we-inverter ye-SMD, iinqununu ziya kuhlawula ngokuzenzekelayo ibhetri ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ikwimeko ejikelezayo ixesha elide;ukuba iinqununu ziyasilela, oko kukuthi, ukungaphumeleli kombane oyintloko okanye iinqununu Ukuba umgangatho awukho kumgangatho, inkqubo iya kuqhawula ngokuzenzekelayo amandla amakhulu kwaye itshintshele kwimodi yokusebenza ezimeleyo, kwaye amandla e-AC afunwa ngumthwalo uya kunikwa. ngebhetri kunye ne-inverter.Nje ukuba i-mains ibuyele kwisiqhelo, oko kukuthi, i-voltage kunye ne-frequency ibuyele kwisimo esiqhelekileyo esikhankanywe ngasentla, inkqubo iya kuqhawula ibhetri, itshintshe kwimowudi edibeneyo yegridi, kwaye inikeze amandla avela kwi-mains.Kwezinye iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamandla e-grid edityanisiweyo, ukubeka iliso kwenkqubo, ulawulo kunye nemisebenzi yokufumana idatha nayo inokudityaniswa kwi-chip yokulawula.Amacandelo angundoqo enkqubo enjalo ngumlawuli kunye ne-inverter.

I-Off-Grid Photovoltaic System

Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi luhlobo olutsha lomthombo wamandla ovelisa umbane kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic, ulawula ukuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri ngomlawuli, kwaye unikeze amandla ombane kumthwalo we-DC okanye kumthwalo we-AC ngokusebenzisa i-inverter. .Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiplatea, iziqithi, iindawo ezikude zeentaba kunye nemisebenzi yentsimi eneendawo ezinzima.Inokusetyenziswa kwakhona njengonikezelo lwamandla kwizikhululo ezisisiseko zonxibelelwano, iibhokisi zokukhanya zentengiso, izibane zesitrato, njl njl. Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-Photovoltaic isebenzisa amandla angenakuphela endalo, anokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungquzulana kwemfuno kwiindawo ezinqongophala kwamandla kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zombane. ubomi kunye nonxibelelwano kwiindawo ezikude.Ukuphucula imeko-bume yendalo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loluntu oluzinzileyo.

Imisebenzi yenkqubo

Iiphaneli ze-Photovoltaic zizinto zokuvelisa amandla.Umlawuli we-photovoltaic ulungelelanisa kwaye ulawula amandla ombane avelisiweyo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla alungelelanisiweyo athunyelwa kumthwalo we-DC okanye umthwalo we-AC, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla angaphezulu athunyelwa kwibhetri yokugcina.Xa umbane owenziweyo awukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthwalo Xa umlawuli ethumela amandla ebhetri kumthwalo.Emva kokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, isilawuli kufuneka silawule ibhetri ukuba ingagcwaliswa kakhulu.Xa amandla ombane agcinwe ebhetrini ekhutshwa, isilawuli kufuneka silawule ibhetri ukuba ingakhutshwa kakhulu ukukhusela ibhetri.Xa ukusebenza komlawuli kungalunganga, kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yebhetri kwaye ekugqibeleni kuchaphazele ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.Umsebenzi webhetri kukugcina amandla ukuze umthwalo ube namandla ebusuku okanye ngeentsuku zemvula.I-inverter inoxanduva lokuguqula amandla e-DC kumandla e-AC ukuze asetyenziswe yimithwalo ye-AC.